Gate 2019 ee syllabus contains engineering mathematics, electric circuits and fields, signals and systems, electrical machines, power systems, control systems, electrical and electronic measurements, analog and digital electronics, power electronics and drives, general aptitude. Then find the current through rl 6, 16, and 36 example 4. Any linear electrical network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals ab by an equivalent combination of a voltage source v th in a series connection with a resistance r th the. Because the t model for the jfet is the same as the t model for the mosfet for the case where the. Thevenin equivalent of a voltage source a rl b vth rth according to the thevenin theorem, the equivalent voltage source and internal resistance of any linear circuit are.
Calculate the maximum power delivered to the load using equation 2. Contrasting our original example circuit against the norton equivalent. We have also provided number of questions asked since 2007 and average weightage for each. Using source transformation, find the current il flowing through the 10 kq resistor in the circuit given below. Thevenin and norton basic electric circuits thevenins. Homework statement find the current going through the resistor of 18 ohms. It is a method for the reduction of a portion of a complex circuit into a simple one. The main difference between thevenins theorem and nortons theorem is that, thevenins theorem provides an equivalent.
To verify the theorems by comparing the simulated values to those obtained by measurement. Circuit analysis superposition thevenins and norton. Thevenins, nortons and superposition and maximum power. A few examples are presented after this page to illustrate the use of thevenins theorem. From the definition of both thevenins theorem and nortons theorem it is clear that the way to calculate the thevenin resistance rth and norton resistance rno is the same. What is thevenins superposition theorem thevenins superposition theorem is useful in analyzing power circuits where one particular resistor in the circuit called the load resistor is subject to change, and recalculation of the circuit is necessary with each trial value of load resistance, to determine voltage across it and current. So, again, im using this example, i will use this example to introduce the method of superposition and the thevenin method. To convert between thevenin and norton equivalent circuits we use the following method. Superposition, thevenin and norton outline superposition thevenin equivalent circuit norton equivalent circuit maximum power theorem reading chapter 2. Superposition, thevenin and norton mit opencourseware. Easy step by step procedure with example pictorial views this is another useful theorem to analyze electric circuits like thevenins theorem, which reduces linear, active circuits and complex networks into a simple equivalent circuit. At a pair of terminals of the network, it can be replaced by a current source and a single resistor in parallel.
For example, if the circuit only has resistors and independent sources, the thevenin equivalent resistance may be found by turning off all of the independent sources. If there is not any independent source then both voc0 and isc0 so skip step 2. In directcurrent circuit theory, nortons theorem aka mayernorton theorem is a simplification that can be applied to networks made of linear timeinvariant resistances, voltage sources, and current sources. Superposition, thevenin norton equivalent circuits. The basic idea for the thevenins theorem is to replace a very large network. Nortons theorem for linear electrical networks, known in europe as the mayernorton theorem, states that any collection of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source, i, in parallel with a single resistor, r. Using a hand analysis, find node voltage 2 with respect to ground of course for three cases. Homework equations the attempt at a solution i used norton theorem and superposition to find current in. Are nortons and thevenin equivalent circuits frequency. We can help you when you get stuck, or ask questions to lead you toward finding the right way to work out the problem, or point you toward the correct formulae, or show you where you have used one incorrectly, or clarify areas where you are misunderstanding a concept, but its still your. Thevenins resistance is the ratio of this source voltage to its current, as marked in fig.
Network analysis thevenin norton and superposition intro. Simple resistive circuit a calculate the current il and the voltage vab. The thevenin equivalent circuit, the only useful information from this analysis. An option is convert thevenin equivalent circuit in norton simply using source conversion method shown in circuit analysis part 1. Experimentally determine the thevenin and norton equivalent circuits by measuring the open circuit voltage and short circuit currents of the test circuits. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Norton s resistance is exactly the same as the thevenin s resistance.
To applied thevenins and nortons theorems in finding the current flowing in a particular resistor variable load in a particular network. Circuit theorytheveninnorton wikibooks, open books for. Thevenin norton equivalents and maximum power transfer. Equation 1 in the diagaram expresses an external voltage v y. Draw a small sketch of each transformation you make. Thevenins and nortons theorems provide methods for reducing a circuit. The potentiometer is now set at the maximum power load which is equal to r thevenin 4.
Since superposition theorem is already answered heres how you solve for thevenin. Vth v ab opencircuit voltage rth v th i ab where i ab is the shortcircuit current or rth rab with all the voltage and current sources zeroed. A complex twoterminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source. Kirchho s laws 4 a v v 6 v 3 2 i 5 v 0 v i 0 5 r i 4 6 3 i 3 v 4 i 2 2 r 1 v 1 i 1 a b c e d kirchho s current law kcl. When we convert using laplace transform using sjw, it dep. Using nortons theorem and superposition to find current.
Thevenins nortons theorem and maximum power transfer. It reduces the need for repeated solutions of the same sets of equations. It follows that we could also replace network 2 with a thevenin voltage and thevenin resistance. Norton s resistance r th is the resistance that would be measured between the output terminals if the independent energy sources were removed and replaced by their internal resistance i. And then jump into introducing the superposition methods and thevenin methods using that same example. Thevenins and nortons theorems in the context of dc voltage. As far as i know, i think norton and thevenin equivalent circuits are frequency dependent since these theorems can be applied to ac circuits which have sources dependent on frequencies. Similarly, in case of superposition theorem each time the load resistance l. Thevenin voltage and resistance can not be computed from a node analysis of the entire circuit, but the node analysis of the entire circuit can be used to check if the thevenin equivalent produces the same numbers. The superposition theorem extends the use of ohms law to circuits with multiple sources. The best way of learning is to put the effort into working on the problem yourself. Superposition sums the individual responses due to each independent source. Superposition and thevenins theorem ece 2100 circuit analysis laboratory updated 20 november 2019 equipment and supplies variable dc voltage source prelaboratory assignment 1.
Use nortons theorem for analysis of dc circuits and study the advantage of this. Et304a laboratory 5 thevenins and nortons theorem and the principle of superposition purpose. On the application of thevenin and norton equivalent. Superposition and norton theorem linkedin slideshare.
Presentation on superposition theorem and norton theorem 3. We obtain the short circuit current isc by shorting nodes ab and finding the current through. Pick a good breaking point in the circuit cannot split a dependent source and its control variable. Measure the value of the potentiometer and determine how close it is to the value of r thevenin determined above. The importance of thevenins and nortons theorems when dealing with special cases of electric circuits is demonstrated. Thevenins theorem states that the network at two terminals of interest may be replaced by a voltage source thevenin voltage in series with a resistance thevenin resistance. The thevenin equivalent circuit involves three parameters. The first theorem to be introduced is the superposition theorem, followed by thevenins theorem, nortons theorem, and the maximum power transfer theorem. Nortons theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent circuit with just a single current source and parallel resistance connected to a load. The superposition theorem will help you to deal with circuits that have multiple sources. Superposition calculation superposition find the effect of each source on its own by setting all other sources to zero. These cases have typically been dealt with in difficult and non. Thevenin equivalent circuit any twoterminal linear network, composed of.
Application of thevenin and norton equivalent circuits 887 1 fig. The current through, or voltage across, an element in a linear bilateral network equal to the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages produced. Just as with thevenins theorem, the qualification of linear is identical to that found in the superposition theorem. How to solve a circuit with thevenins and superposition. Norton equivalent is simply the source transformation of the. Et304a laboratory 5 thevenins and nortons theorem and. Okay, the task is really not that hard but i am getting strange numbers.
For alternating current ac systems the theorem can be applied to. Hence, we start by finding the open circuit voltage voc vab. We have followed the convention that current leaving a node is positive. In this theorem, obtain equivalent resistance is the same method of thevenin.
177 1178 81 619 79 710 944 1399 1269 1539 1240 689 1248 1490 255 793 210 1283 1367 372 576 812 871 662 258 1359 140 811 86 65 778 771 363 894 1158